The Closest Thing We Have to Alien Matter
Veritasium 1:05:56
823,396 views · 26,054 likes Watch on YouTube ↗
The world’s coldest liquid is far stranger than you’d imagine. Sponsored by Ground News - Go to https://ground.news/Ve and subscribe to get 40% off the unlimited access Vantage Plan. Stay informed on breaking news and compare coverage from every angle.
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter
Join our Patreon for a chance to get a NASA sticker that went to the edge of space during the eclipse and for early access to work-in-progress videos https://ve42.co/VePatreon
Last year, we launched Elements of Truth on Kickstarter. We’re now in the final stages of production, and Kickstarter rewards are shipping soon. If you missed the campaign, you can now pre-order the retail edition through our new website here - https://ve42.co/YTDEcl
If you backed us on Kickstarter, don’t worry, your game will ship before any pre-orders are fulfilled.
▀▀▀
Chapters:
0:00 The "Impossible" Liquid
1:59 The Race to Absolute Zero
6:33 Why Helium Seemed Impossible to Liquefy
15:04 The First Liquid Helium Ever Made
19:08 Can you make solid helium?
21:42 What is superconductivity?
28:41 Zero Viscosity and Superfluidity
36:15 What are Bose-Einstein condensates?
43:20 How Kapitsa Saved Landau From Prison
46:20 The Superfluid Fountain Powered by Light
47:46 Landau's Theory of Phonons
58:32 Why Helium (Almost) Never Freezes
1:01:58 The takeaway
▀▀▀
A big thank you to Prof. Dirk van Delft for his guidance and expertise on Onnes’ life and work. If you want to read more about it you can find the free PDF of his book “Freezing Physics” here: https://ve42.co/Freezing_physics
A massive thank you to Prof. Martin Zwierlein for his enthusiasm and helping us get the specifics of superfluidity and BECs right.
As well as a huge thank you to everyone who helped us understand the physics, the story, and provided valuable feedback on different parts of this video: Prof. Kostas Gavroglu, Dr. Philippe Lebrun, Prof. David Kaiser, Dr. John G Weisend II, Prof. Ad Maas, and Prof Robert Taylor.
Then two more special thank-you’s:
The first is to Rijksmuseum Boerhaave, for showing us around the archives and Onnes’ original equipment. You can check them out here: https://www.rijksmuseumboerhaave.nl/
And the second, of course, is to everyone at the Gravity Laboratory and Nottingham University who recreated all the experiments for us. Your efforts made this video possible. Dr. Chris Goodwin, thank you for your unrelenting support in helping us get the physics of superfluidity right. You can check out the gravity laboratory here: ve42.co/GravityLaboratory
▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/SuperfluidsReferences
▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Hybrid Minds, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Sweet_Nemo, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee
▀▀▀
Credits:
Writers: Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer and Director: Casper Mebius
Presenters: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Editors: Trenton Oliver, George Reynolds & Axel Oliver
Assistant Editors: James Stuart & Peter Nelson
Animators: Domonkos Jozsa, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli, Andrew Neet, Alex Drakoulis, Rokas Viksraitis & Mike Radjabov
Illustrators: Jakub Misiek & Raphael Aubry
Researchers: Sophia Rose, Gabe Strong and Fred Green
Camera Operators: James Haslam, James Dann, Derek Muller, Raquel Muller, Casper Mebius, Stephen Foote, Gabe Strong & Sophia Rose
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ben Powell & Patryk Ziolkowski
Additional thumbnail picture by: Leonardo Solidoro
Production Team: Anna Milkovic, Glen Griffiths, Jess Bishop-Laggett & Matthew Cavanagh
Executive Producers: Emilia Gyles, Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
Sign up for the Veritasium newsletter for weekly science updates - https://ve42.co/Newsletter
Join our Patreon for a chance to get a NASA sticker that went to the edge of space during the eclipse and for early access to work-in-progress videos https://ve42.co/VePatreon
Last year, we launched Elements of Truth on Kickstarter. We’re now in the final stages of production, and Kickstarter rewards are shipping soon. If you missed the campaign, you can now pre-order the retail edition through our new website here - https://ve42.co/YTDEcl
If you backed us on Kickstarter, don’t worry, your game will ship before any pre-orders are fulfilled.
▀▀▀
Chapters:
0:00 The "Impossible" Liquid
1:59 The Race to Absolute Zero
6:33 Why Helium Seemed Impossible to Liquefy
15:04 The First Liquid Helium Ever Made
19:08 Can you make solid helium?
21:42 What is superconductivity?
28:41 Zero Viscosity and Superfluidity
36:15 What are Bose-Einstein condensates?
43:20 How Kapitsa Saved Landau From Prison
46:20 The Superfluid Fountain Powered by Light
47:46 Landau's Theory of Phonons
58:32 Why Helium (Almost) Never Freezes
1:01:58 The takeaway
▀▀▀
A big thank you to Prof. Dirk van Delft for his guidance and expertise on Onnes’ life and work. If you want to read more about it you can find the free PDF of his book “Freezing Physics” here: https://ve42.co/Freezing_physics
A massive thank you to Prof. Martin Zwierlein for his enthusiasm and helping us get the specifics of superfluidity and BECs right.
As well as a huge thank you to everyone who helped us understand the physics, the story, and provided valuable feedback on different parts of this video: Prof. Kostas Gavroglu, Dr. Philippe Lebrun, Prof. David Kaiser, Dr. John G Weisend II, Prof. Ad Maas, and Prof Robert Taylor.
Then two more special thank-you’s:
The first is to Rijksmuseum Boerhaave, for showing us around the archives and Onnes’ original equipment. You can check them out here: https://www.rijksmuseumboerhaave.nl/
And the second, of course, is to everyone at the Gravity Laboratory and Nottingham University who recreated all the experiments for us. Your efforts made this video possible. Dr. Chris Goodwin, thank you for your unrelenting support in helping us get the physics of superfluidity right. You can check out the gravity laboratory here: ve42.co/GravityLaboratory
▀▀▀
References: https://ve42.co/SuperfluidsReferences
▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Hybrid Minds, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Sweet_Nemo, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee
▀▀▀
Credits:
Writers: Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer and Director: Casper Mebius
Presenters: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Editors: Trenton Oliver, George Reynolds & Axel Oliver
Assistant Editors: James Stuart & Peter Nelson
Animators: Domonkos Jozsa, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli, Andrew Neet, Alex Drakoulis, Rokas Viksraitis & Mike Radjabov
Illustrators: Jakub Misiek & Raphael Aubry
Researchers: Sophia Rose, Gabe Strong and Fred Green
Camera Operators: James Haslam, James Dann, Derek Muller, Raquel Muller, Casper Mebius, Stephen Foote, Gabe Strong & Sophia Rose
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah, Ben Powell & Patryk Ziolkowski
Additional thumbnail picture by: Leonardo Solidoro
Production Team: Anna Milkovic, Glen Griffiths, Jess Bishop-Laggett & Matthew Cavanagh
Executive Producers: Emilia Gyles, Derek Muller & Casper Mebius
Category (YouTube): Education
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